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Even the most carpet-like lawn can develop problems. If your lawn isn't healthy and you can't diagnose the trouble, dig up a patch of soil and take it to a reliable nursery or the local Cooperative Extension Service for analysis. Here are some common situations:
Problem: Grass won't grow under a tree.
Solution: In northern climates, consider planting shade-tolerant fine fescues. In the South, try tall fescue.
Problem: Grass won't grow on a slope.
Solution: If the slope is hot and dry, more regular, deep watering might help. If you can't get grass established, try laying sod or having a professional "hydroseed" -- plant seeds encapsulated in a special material to keep them from drying out.
Problem: Lawn is overrun with weeds.
Solution: Apply herbicide in spring and fall. Do both because each application kills different weeds. If the problem is severe and doesn't respond in one or two years, you may have to kill the lawn with a non-selective herbicide and then replant.
Problem: Lawn has bare patches.
Solution: Try reseeding these areas. In spring or early fall, scratch the bare patch with a ground rake and sprinkle with lawn seed. Mark off the area with stakes and strings, and water gently. Keep the area moist for the next few weeks, watering daily if necessary. If high traffic is the problem, consider creating a path or patio surface.
Problem: Lawn has brown spots or weblike threads.
Solution: Fusarium patch makes 2 to 12-inch-wide brown spots or weblike threads in thatch and grass in early spring. Minimize shade and fertilization; improve drainage; apply fungicide in early fall.
Problem: Lawn is dotted with bleached or gray spots.
Solution: Dollar spot causes numerous such spots to appear. Spots may merge to make larger, straw-colored areas, while cobweb-like growths may appear with morning dew. Fertilize; apply fungicide.
Problem: Lawn is dotted with small orange pustules on blades.
Solution: Rust is the cause of these orange, smudgy spots. Fertilize grass and keep well watered. Mow frequently and remove clippings. Apply fungicide if condition persists.
Problem: Lawn has green circular patches that die off.
Solution: The patches are called fairy rings, which sometimes feature mushrooms as well. Aerate the lawn; apply fertilizer. Keep the lawn wet for three to five days.
Problem: Lawn develops large patches of brown grass in late summer.
Solution: Dig up some of the brown areas and look underneath for small grubs, the likely cause. Apply Diazinon, isofenphos, or chlorpyrifos. Apply just after eggs are laid; check with a reliable nursery or local Cooperative Extension Service for the correct time to do this.
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