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How to Remodel a Small Bathroom: Step-by-Step Pictures and Instructions

Update your bathroom with a new wall-hung sink, hidden-tank toilet and glass block window. Read an overview of how to remodel a bathroom.

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1. Fur out the existing window opening to 2 in. wider and 2-1/2 in. taller than the dimensions of the glass block panel.

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2. Tack stop blocks on the inside of the opening to keep the frame flush to the framing. Assemble the frame, then plumb and square it and nail it into the opening with 8d casing nails, shimming as needed.

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3. Rip two 3-ft. Long spacer boards the thickness of your tile plus 3/4 in. so the window will protrude 1/4 in. past the finished tile surface. Tack them to the sides of the window opening. Tack two 2x2s into the boards to hold the glass block panel in the proper position while you push it in from the outside.


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4. Tap shims between the panel and the frame to hold it evenly spaced on all four sides while injecting the expanding foam. After the foam cures, cut away any excess and caulk the 1/4-in. space between the panel and the jamb on the outside of the frame with silicone caulk. Finish off the trim and siding to match the outside of the house.

Tip
Prime and paint the window jambs and sill before setting the glass block panel to save time-consuming painting details.


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5. Turn off the main water supply to the house, and in a convenient location, cut the hot and cold water supply pipes for the bathroom. Also cut out and remove all the existing water lines and fittings in the bathroom. Finally, cut out and remove the vent section leading to the sink and the main stack 5 in. below the vent tee. Stuff rags into open drain lines to keep sewer gas out of the house.


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6. Cut the main stack and all the other waste lines feeding the bathroom about 3 ft. below the floor. Unhook any strapping and remove the entire plumbing tree.


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7. Drain any water in the supply lines, cut the hot and cold lines feeding the bathroom, and solder in two ball-valve water shutoffs. Shut off the valves, and then turn the water back on to the rest of the house.


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8. Nail the bottom plate to the floor and the top plate to the ceiling. Then mark the positions of the shower base, toilet and sink. Lay out and toenail the wall studs into position (Fig. B) and the top plate for the low wall. On the opposite end of the shower, frame a matching 35-in. wide wall (see Photo 14) 60-1/4 in. (or the length of your shower base plus 1/4 in.) away from the first wall.


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9. Tie all the short studs to the existing studs at the top and bottom with 6 x 11-in. plywood gussets screwed to every stud on the short wall. Keep gussets on the outside of the chair carrier space so they won’t interfere with installation. Install backer boards as needed to support cement board or drywall.

Tip
Resist the temptation to reuse or reroute existing piping. If you have easy access, it’s much easier to rip out all the old supply, drain and vent lines and start with a clean slate (Photos 5 and 6).


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10. Position and connect the new shower vent (see fig. B). Then position the sink and center the drain behind it, 19 in. up from the floor. Connect the drain to the main stack with a 3 x 1-1/2 in. tee. Drill 3/4-in. pilot holes and saw out a 4-1/2 in. hole for the toilet drain.


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11. Nail in 2x6 blocking to anchor the rear toilet mounting brackets. Fit the chair carrier in the opening to check the location of the drain hole and the position of the mounting block. The front surface of the framework should be flush with the face of the studs.


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12. Dry-fit the PVC piping assembly for the wall-hung toilet, shower trap and sink. After you’re satisfied that the dimensions are correct, solvent-weld all the joints in the assembly and join it to the existing ABS main stack using a transition coupling.

Tip
When dry-fitting PVC, pipes won’t seat completely in fittings, so add 1/4 in. to all cut lengths. The solvent will lubricate fittings so the pipes will slide in all the way.


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13. Toenail 2x6 blocks in the center of the shower 36 in. above the floor for the shower valve and 6 ft. 6 in. above the floor for the showerhead. Position the valve block so the plastic mud guard on the mixing valve will be flush with the finished wall surface. Attach the shower supply line and the hot and cold supply lines to the valve. Clamp the valve body and shower supply line to the blocks with copper pipe straps. Run copper water supplies to the new locations for the sink and toilet.


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14. Place the shower base and mark the drain location on the subfloor. Remove the base and cut a 6-in. wide hole. Tighten the shower drain to the shower base. Predrill 1/8-in. holes through the mounting flange into the studs and screw the base to the wall studs with 1-5/8 in. galvanized drywall screws.


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15. Adjust the chair carrier (toilet support framework) to the desired height and bolt it in place to the bottom plate, blocking and studs with the lag screws provided.

Tip
For a quieter, rock-solid shower base, mix a bag of mortar, spread it over the subfloor and wiggle the base into the mortar until the base webbing rests firmly on the subfloor.


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16. Insulate exterior walls and staple a 6-mil vapor barrier over the insulation. Install 1/2-in. cement board (for tile) with specially coated 1-1/4 in. cement board screws spaced 6 in. on butt joints and every 8 in. in the middle of sheets. Hang 1/2-in. drywall everywhere else.


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17. Tape cement board joints with cement board fiberglass tape and thin-set tile mortar. Tape drywall joints with taping compound, sand them smooth and paint areas that won’t be tiled.


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18. Tile the walls first, then the floor. When tiling around the window, keep the tile about 1/8 in. away from the glass block. Tile the floor, starting by carefully snapping center lines to lay out border strips and field tile. Work from those lines to get evenly spaced tiles throughout the floor. Grout the walls and floors but caulk the inside corners between floors and walls and where walls meet.


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19. Seal around the window with a bead of silicone caulk.

Tip
Buy specially designed caulk from your tile supplier to match the grout color in corners.


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20. Mount the supply and discharge lines to the toilet with the seals provided and slip the toilet bowl into position over the mounting studs. Snug up the nuts, being careful not to overtighten and crack the porcelain.


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21. Install the faucets and tailpiece in the sink before mounting. Mark the mounting holes on the wall and drill 5/16-in. holes through the tile and cement board and 1/4-in. holes into the backer boards. Screw the hanger bolts through the tile into the wood using the cap screw to drive the bolt . Slip the sink over the screws and snug down the nut.


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22. Connect the sink to the trap and drain line, and the supply lines to the roughed-in copper lines with compression valve shutoffs. Mark, drill and mount the trap cover to the wall with hanger bolts.


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