How To Apply Epoxy Floor Paint To Your Garage

Step-by-step instructions for applying durable epoxy paint to your concrete garage floor.

By Kurt Lawton

From The Family Handyman Originally in How To Apply Epoxy Floor Paint To Your Garage

About This Project

• Overview and Preparation

• Step-by-Step Pictures and Instructions for Applying Epoxy Paint To Your Garage

• See More Garage Improvement Projects

Epoxy is a tough, long-lasting coating that you paint onto the concrete. It resists grease, oil and many other substances that would ruin ordinary paint. It cleans easily and can be found in a variety of colors (if you look hard enough), so you can keep your garage floor sparkling clean and attractive for years.

However, the reality of this challenging project is, one, not all concrete floors will hold a coating, and two, preparing concrete can be labor intensive and tedious. That said, this story will help you assess your concrete’s condition, show you how to clean and etch it, and demonstrate how to apply an epoxy surface that will handle car traffic, chemicals, oils, salt and scraping better than any other paint or stain.

Applying Epoxy Paint To Your Garage's Floor: Test Your Concrete

As with any other paint job, success lies in the prep work. Plan to spend the first day removing oil spots, cleaning/degreasing the floor, etching it with a mild acid, and scrubbing, vacuuming and rinsing (a lot!). Day two is for filling cracks and applying the first coat of epoxy, which is followed by a second coat on day three.

This job doesn’t require many special tools. But to do the best job (and save your back), we recommend that you rent a walk-behind power floor scrubber with a stiff brush attachment ($25 per day). Brushes work better than scrubbing pads on concrete, but buy two pads ($8 each) if a brush isn’t available. Also, rent a wet vacuum ($18 per day) if you don’t own or have access to one.

Analyze the Floor and Weather
Before you even consider epoxy paint for your floor, test to determine if dampness is coming up through the concrete from the ground. If moisture is evident, your floor isn’t suitable for epoxy. Also, forgo the project if a concrete sealer was previously used (you’ll know a sealer has been used if water beads up when applied to the surface). If you’re dealing with a new slab, you must wait a minimum of 28 days, preferably two months, for the floor to cure and dry thoroughly before applying a garage floor coating. And if you’re dealing with a previously painted floor, the best advice is to remove the paint, especially when you’re applying a solvent-based epoxy that could soften any that remains.

If your concrete passed these tests, make sure the weekend weather passes too. The temperature of the concrete must be a minimum of 55 degrees F, with an air temperature between 60 and 90 degrees for optimum epoxy curing/drying.

Sorting Out Epoxy
The final critical decision is what type of epoxy to use. Epoxy floor paints are tough resins that come in two separate parts that you mix together just before you apply them. You can divide them roughly into three types: 100 percent solids, solvent based and water based.

The 100 percent solid type is almost pure epoxy; it doesn’t contain solvents that evaporate. These products are expensive and difficult to handle because they harden so rapidly. They’re best left to the pros.

The solvent-based epoxies typically contain from 40 to 60 percent solids (epoxy). They penetrate and adhere well and are the choice of most pros. And they’re often available in a wide range of colors, which is one reason we chose this type for our demonstration. But they do have some drawbacks. The solvents are powerful and potentially hazardous; you MUST use a respirator (a 3M 5000 series respirator with an organic vapor/acid gas filter, $14, or the equivalent in another brand). The respirator must fit tightly to your face so you don’t breathe the fumes. In addition, you must ventilate the garage well and keep other people away from the odors.

Solvent-based epoxies also may be harder to find. Some paint specialty stores may carry them (Sherwin-Williams and ICI Dulux, among others), but otherwise you’ll have to go to an industrial supply-type store. Check the Yellow Pages under “Paint, Wholesale & Manufacturers” or “Industrial Equipment & Supplies,” or look on the Internet.

The water-based epoxies also have two parts that you mix just before application. And they also typically contain 40 to 60 percent solids. The benefit of this type of epoxy is that there are no hazardous solvent fumes. And, at least one brand, Rust-Oleum’s EpoxyShield Garage Floor Coating, is widely available at home centers. (Colors are limited to gray or tan. See Buyer’s Guide for details.)

CAUTION: Wear appropriate gloves, eye and lung protection, and rubber boots, according to the product labels. Turn off gas to the water heater or any other appliance located in the garage. And take precautions to keep children and pets away from the garage and driveway.

Whether you’re working with solvent- or water-based epoxy, we recommend that you apply two coats to get enough build for long-term wear and durability. “Build” refers to the thickness of the dried epoxy film. Typically, an epoxy with a higher solid content will give a higher build. And, in general, prices tend to reflect the amount of epoxy in the mix -- the more epoxy, the higher the build and the higher the price.

For a two-car garage (450 sq. ft.), you’ll need 2 to 3 gallons per coat (depending on the percent of solids in the epoxy you buy -- read the container). The price of epoxy for two coats will range from $150 to $300. Check the cans for coverage to make sure you buy enough.

TIP: Consider adding epoxy paint to the bottom 4 in. of drywall, wood or concrete wall along the floor to protect it when you hose the floor clean in the future.

Applying Epoxy Paint To Your Garage's Floor: Day 1: Floor Cleaning

To begin, use a flat-edged shovel or scraper to loosen hardened surface debris, then sweep it out with a stiff-bristle garage broom.

Next, mix up a 5-gallon batch of water and concrete cleaner/degreaser according to label directions (found at home centers and hardware stores for about $12).

Once spots are cleaned, power-scrub the entire floor. To clean a two-car garage floor, plan on scrubbing for 20 to 30 minutes (keep the floor wet at all times). Make sure you scrub with a stiff-bristle hand brush along the walls and in the corners where the machine cannot reach. Once you’re satisfied with dirt removal, vacuum up the cleaner for proper disposal.

TIP: A coat of floor wax applied over the top of a cured epoxy floor will make it easier to clean.

Don’t just wash the product down the drive into the storm sewer. The environmental effects of cleaning products can vary widely. Check the product label or call the manufacturer for the proper waste disposal method. We looked up the Material Safety Data Sheet for the product we used (made by Behr) on the Web site www.msdssearch.com and learned we could pour the waste into the “sanitary sewer” (toilet). Also check the label or call the manufacturer for instructions on safe disposal of all leftover product and containers. When in doubt, call your city or county environmental office.

Before etching concrete with the acid solution, hose down your entire driveway and several feet beyond the sides of the drive. This aids in the final rinse out of the garage so the material will flow more easily down the driveway.

Now sprinkle the 10:1 ratio of water to muriatic acid ($2 per gallon of 32 percent acid) mixture and power-scrub the floor (with a rinsed brush attachment or new pad).

Rinsing Is Key
When you’re finished, take your hose and nozzle end and flood the floor with water, spraying the material out of the garage for a good 10 minutes (diluted muriatic acid can be rinsed with large volumes of water into a storm sewer, according to the manufacturer). Rinse off the power scrubber brush/pad, then scrub the wet floor one last time for 5 to 10 minutes. Finally, rinse out the entire floor and driveway two to three more times.

The concrete surface should now feel like fine-grit sandpaper. If not, you need to repeat the acid washing. Finally, to speed the drying process, squeegee out any remaining pooled water, and take a rag and dry any remaining spots, cracks or chipped

areas. Leave the garage door open overnight to speed drying.

TIP: Keep a clean cotton rag handy and some Xylol epoxy thinner (for solvent-based epoxy) to clean up epoxy drips and spills.

Applying Epoxy Paint To Your Garage's Floor: Day 2: First Coat

First thing in the morning, after the floor has dried overnight, fill 1/4-in. cracks and larger, plus holes or spalled areas, with an epoxy crack filler, available at home centers for $24. Use a plastic putty knife to scrape the surface level and smooth. Let this dry for four hours (check label directions) before you begin painting your first coat of epoxy.

Mix the correct amount of epoxy to cover the square footage of your garage floor according to label directions. It’s critical that you allow the mixed product to stand undisturbed for the specified time on the label before applying it. You also must apply the entire batch you mixed up before the specified time expires. We used a 40 percent solid, solvent-based epoxy from a local industrial supplier/manufacturer that had to sit for 30 minutes, and the batch had to be used up within 24 hours (and it was offered in almost 20 colors).

While waiting for the crack filler to cure, use a high-quality natural-bristle paint brush and cut in the floor edges. Also, tape the area directly underneath the garage door with masking or duct tape, allowing you to shut the door overnight. This is intended to keep out dust, dirt, pets and children until the floor is dry. And put a “Do Not Enter” sign along with tape across the doorway leading to the garage from the house.

Coating the Floor
If you move at a steady pace, you should finish your two-car garage floor in less than one hour. (Remember not to paint yourself into a corner!) The solvent odors are powerful. Be sure to wear a respirator and keep the garage door open at least an hour after coating.

Applying Epoxy Paint To Your Garage's Floor: Day 3: Second Coat

Let the first coat dry overnight, for a minimum of 16 hours (or according to label directions, since epoxy products vary). Add a non-skid product ($3 per gallon) to the epoxy for the second coat, especially if your vehicles drag snow and moisture into the garage, or you’d feel safer on a less slippery floor. Repeat the “cutting in” and floor painting like the day before.

Wait another 16 hours (check label directions) after finishing before allowing foot traffic. You can start parking your cars on the floor after approximately three to seven days (depending on the epoxy label directions). A full cure for the floor takes approximately one month.

Oops! Despite ardent cleaning and proper epoxy application, we experienced a few dime-size holes where a car tire removed some epoxy. Repainting fixed the problem, but this illustrates the importance of proper prep, enough time for the concrete to dry, and adequate curing time.

Buyer’s Guide
Dura-Seal 400 Epoxy: Durall Concrete Floor Coatings, (800) 466-8910. www.concrete-floor-coatings.com

Anti-slip Floor Coating Additive and Epoxy Crack Filler: Rust-Oleum, (800) 323-3584. www.rustoleum.com

Muriatic Acid: Sunnyside, (800) 323-8611. www.sunnysidecorp.com

Cleaner/Degreaser: Behr, (800) 854-0133. www.behr.com

Respirator: ANI Safety & Supply,(847) 676-5800. www.anisafety.com