Unlike rasps, which are characterized by individual teeth that can rough out shapes and
remove stock quickly, files are "cut" with parallel diagonal rows to form ridges. They
are better suited to jobs in which you require a smooth, accurate finish. Files are
classified by their shape or profile - flat, round, half-round, square, triangular. The
shape often defines their use.
The double-cut flat file has a second set of parallel diagonal rows that cross the first,
hence the term "double cut". These overlapping ridges form a rougher surface than
single-cut files. The tool is therefore useful for jobs in which a smooth finish is not
essential, but you do not want the rough treatment of a rasp. Because it is flat, this
file is most suitable for trimming flat planes and shapes outside curves.
To keep files from clogging, use a soft wire brush or a special tool called a file card to
periodically remove accumulated debris from the ridges. To reduce clogging, rub file ridges
with chalk. Don't tap a file against a hard or metal surface to clean it; you might damage
the tool. Store your files in slotted racks or protective sleeves to prevent them scraping
against each other and becoming damaged.
Never use a file on a metal harder than its own.
Purchasing
Flat files typically range in length from 4 to 16 inches; they come in three degrees of
coarseness - smooth cut, second cut, and bastard cut (the coarsest). Longer files,
regardless of the grade, leave a coarser surface than shorter files.
Substitutes
An alternative to the double-cut flat file is a square file. This thin file is square
in cross section, slightly tapered, and double cut. It's ideal for removing metal from
keyways and slots. Square files range in length from 4 to 14 inches, and are available
in the same three grades as double-cut flat files.
Another alternative is the hand file.
Caution
- Protect your hands from punctures by securing the tang - the pointed end of your
file - in a file handle before you use it. This also gives better leverage when
using the tool.
- Always wear goggles or safety glasses when filing metal.
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Brought to you by Book of Skills and Tools and New Complete Do-It-Yourself Manual
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