Unlike rasps, which are characterized by individual teeth that can rough out shapes and
remove stock quickly, files are "cut" with parallel diagonal rows to form ridges. They
are better suited to jobs in which you require a smooth, accurate finish. Files are
classified by their shape or profile - flat, round, half-round, square, triangular. The
shape often defines their use.
The half-round file is one of the most versatile because it has one round and one flat
surface. It's therefore useful for filing both concave and flat wood or metal surfaces.
The rows may be arranged in crisscrossing diagonal lines (double cut) to remove material
quickly, or as parallel diagonal lines (single cut) for smoother filing.
Using a Half-Round File
To shape or remove material, hold the file at both ends and at a slight angle to the
work. Push it lengthwise, advancing the file forward and laterally, with even pressure -
avoid rocking the file. Lift the file on the return stroke to avoid dulling its ridges.
To reduce clogging, rub the ridges with chalk. Periodically use a stiff wire brush or a
special tool called a file card to remove accumulated debris. Don't tap a file against
a hard or metal surface to clean it; you might damage the tool. Store your files in
slotted racks or protective sleeves to prevent them scraping against each other and
becoming damaged.
Never use a file on a metal that is harder than its own.
Purchasing
Half-round files range in length from 4 to 16 inches. They typically come in three degrees
of coarseness - smooth cut, second cut, and bastard cut (the coarsest). Longer files,
regardless of grade, leave a coarser surface than shorter files.
Substitutes
Alternatives to the half-round file include a double-cut flat file and hand file.
Caution
- Protect your hands from punctures by securing the tang - the pointed end of your file -
in a file handle before you use it. This also gives better leverage when using the
tool.
- Always wear goggles or safety glasses when filing metal.
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Brought to you by Book of Skills and Tools and New Complete Do-It-Yourself Manual
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