Design of tasks. Heavy workload, infrequent breaks, long hours, shiftwork, hectic and routine tasks that have little inherent meaning and provide little sense of control.
Management style. Lack of participation by workers in decision-making, poor communication in the organization, lack of family-friendly policies.
Interpersonal relationships. Poor social environment and lack of support from coworkers and supervisors.
Work roles. Conflicting or uncertain job expectations, too much responsibility, too many "hats to wear."
Career concerns. Job insecurity, lack of opportunity for growth, advancement, or promotion; rapid changes for which workers are unprepared.


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