The winners of the 2006 Nobel Prize in medicine may someday be remembered as the Guys Who Figured Out How to Cure Almost Everything. Nine years ago, a research team led by
Andrew Fire (far left, now at Stanford) and
Craig Mello (of the University of Massachusetts) discovered how to trigger a phenomenon called RNA interference, a natural mechanism for turning off genes (especially those that can hurt us). Biotech companies jumped in to work on treatments for Parkinson's, diabetes, AIDS, liver failure and many other maladies.