Meet the Only City in the World That Straddles Two Continents
Updated: Mar. 01, 2023
An eclectic mix of cultures, traditions, flavors and colors greets visitors to Istanbul, where Europe meets Asia, East meets West, and ancient and modern coexist.
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The unique geography
Though Istanbul is considered one city, part of it sits on the continent of Europe, neighboring Greece and Bulgaria; the other part sits on the continent of Asia, neighboring Syria, Iran, and Iraq beyond Turkey’s borders. Between them runs the Bosphorus Strait, a narrow body of water that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea via the Sea of Marmara. The result is a cultural and ethnic melting pot, a cosmopolitan city with Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and modern Turkish structures—a skyline of domes and minarets in mosques, churches, and synagogues, palaces, castles, and towers.
Getting there
Your journey to this rich metropolis begins on Turkish Airlines, where the decadent meals—complete with silverware and cloth napkins—reflect the cultural tapestry, with Turkish-style meatballs and a stuffed eggplant dish called Karniyarik, Greek delicacies such as grilled lamb, and Southern Italian dishes such as seafood pasta. Business class seats recline all the way down for the 10-hour flight to Istanbul Airport, the largest airport in the world. If you have just one day to see Istanbul, you’re in luck. Turkish Airlines has a Stopover program that lets you spend a day in the city at no extra cost, and a hotel room is included.
The 15 July Martyrs Bridge
Visitors to Istanbul can drive across two continents in just three minutes over the 15 July Martyrs Bridge, also called the “First Bridge.” (It was renamed 15 July Martyrs Bridge in 2016 in honor of the civilians who died resisting the attempted coup of Turkey on that date.) The mile-long stretch was built between 1970 and 1973 to connect the European side of Istanbul with the Asian side. You can also sail beneath the bridge on a Bosphorus cruise, from the neighborhood of Eminönü to the entrance to the Black Sea and back.
Sultanahmet Square
As the capital of the Eastern Roman empire beginning about 300 AD, Istanbul is rich with Byzantine structures including the Hippodrome (now called Sultanahmet Square), one of the largest chariot race grounds of the Byzantine Empire, dating back to 330 AD. In the center of the remains of the Hippodrome is the impressive Obelisk of Theodosius, an ancient Egyptian plinth carved with hieroglyphics that was imported by Emperor Constantine to celebrate the new Roman capital. See why Roman ruins make our list of the most popular attractions in the world.
Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia was the largest cathedral in the world for 1,000 years after it was built in 360 AD, and symbolized the golden age of Byzantine rule. Though it burned down and was rebuilt several times, the latest iteration has impressive gold mosaics with Christian motifs, white marble floors, and columns recycled from earlier Roman ruins. This architectural marvel is now a museum and one of the awe-inspiring UNESCO World Heritage sites everyone needs to see.
The Basilica Cistern
The Basilica Cistern is an impressive underground reservoir built by Roman Emperor Justinian in 532 AD to store freshwater coming into the city via aqueducts from the Black Sea. Two of its 336 Corinthian columns rest on stone Medusa heads pillaged from the ruins of Greek and Roman temples.
Galata Tower
Galata Tower, built in 500 AD, may not be among the tallest skyscrapers in the world, but this medieval stone landmark offers 360-degree views of Istanbul—if you’re willing to wait on the long line to climb to the top. A minute’s walk away is the Neve Shalom Synagogue, a popular venue for local weddings and bar and bat mitzvahs as well as Sabbath services. Built in 1952, it houses the only Jewish museum of Turkey, chronicling the centuries-old Jewish presence in the region.
Mosques
Istanbul has over 3,000 exquisite mosques, one atop each of the city’s seven hills, modeled after Rome’s seven hills—in fact, one of Istanbul’s nicknames is “City on the Seven Hills” (in Turkish, Yedi tepeli şehir). Two of the most famous mosques are Sultanahmet, built in 1616 and nicknamed the Blue Mosque for its rich blue Iznik tile and giant blue stained glass windows, and Süleymaniye, built beginning in 1550 during the reign of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, with four stately minarets in honor of Süleyman being the 4th sultan following the conquest of Constantinople.
Topkapi Palace
Topkapi Palace is a luxurious sprawling complex built from the 15th through the middle of the 19th century for Ottoman sultans and their court (it has its own harem building). There you can see panoramic views of the Bosphorus and a collection of the sultans’ lavish jewels, ornate household items, and prized china, which gradually became more influenced by Western design over the years. Grab a Turkish coffee at a little shop built into one of the ancient buildings, where a small museum exhibit displays tools used to brew coffee for the sultans. Visitors can’t stay overnight at Topkapi Palace, but they can stay at these luxurious palaces around the world.
The Grand Bazaar
The Grand Bazaar is one of the largest covered markets in the world, with some 4,000 vendors over 60 streets selling spices, Turkish Delights, coffee sets, hand-crafted jewelry, leather goods, traditional rugs, linens, light fixtures, and other local treasures. There are bargains to be found—and feel free to haggle—but know that there are knock-offs lurking among the authentic goods.
European touches
Visitors can start to see the influence of European architecture in the hotels and now embassies in the artsy neighborhood of Pera. Visit the grand historic Pera Palace Hotel, where Agatha Christie wrote her 1934 bestseller Murder on The Orient Express, the movie version of which put Istanbul on the Hollywood map in 1974. There you can still ride the second elevator to ever be built in all of Europe and sit at the bar where World War II spies used to trade secrets. Also in that neighborhood are the innovative Istanbul Modern museum, dozens of art galleries and charming shops and cafés. A few blocks down is bustling Istiklal Caddesi (Independence Street), lined with contemporary stores, restaurants, and ice cream shops and alive with street performers.
Where to eat
Take in the sights, sounds, and aromas of powdered spices, nuts, dried fruit, loose leaf teas, coffees, chocolates, Turkish delicacies such as baklava as well as a rainbow of candy at the Spice Market, built in 1664. Head upstairs to Pandeli Restaurant for a hearty Ottoman-style meal including specialties such as eggplant pie, Pouf börek with cheese and herb filling, and Fishball with mashed beans and tahini. Don’t miss the experience of a multi-course feast at the award-winning Meze by Lemon Tree, with fresh flavorful dishes that change with the seasons. Frequent favorites include ceviche, stuffed bell pepper, mixed seafood pilaf, pan-roasted beef slices, and a heavenly hazelnut pudding with tahini.
Where to stay
The five-star Ciragan Palace Kempinski is an actual former Ottoman Palace right on the shores of the Bosphorus with spectacular panoramic views of the 15 July Martyrs Bridge and beyond. Historical ambiance mixes with modern amenities, including an infinity pool that makes you feel like you’re swimming in the Bosphorus, a spa, a Tiki bar and several dining options, including Tuğra Restaurant, with Turkish specialties like Darüzziyafe Köftesi, minced beef, lamb, chicken and pistachio meatloaf in phylo dough with quince and mushroom basti. For modern accommodations, check out Raffles Istanbul, a luxury skyscraper hotel with three types of showers, digital controls on the bathroom mirror, unparalleled panoramic views of the old city and an indulgent breakfast buffet with Turkish specialties. Don’t miss their rooftop restaurant Isokyo, with pan-Asian fare including pulled beef bao bun sliders, caramelized miso-glazed black cod, and a banana beignet with salted caramel and coconut ice cream. Kick back on the sixth floor terraced pool bar, or visit the upscale mall, Zorlu, literally next door. Kids stay free. See why Istanbul and 14 other places got voted most under-the-radar places to visit.
