What Is Umami? 14 Foods with Natural Umami Flavor
Updated: Feb. 03, 2020Enjoy the taste of umami with the following foods that bring the flavor to any dish or cuisine with the help of glutamate and free glutamate.
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What is umami?
Umami is one of the five key taste profiles which also includes sweet, bitter, sour, and salt. Translated from Japanese, the word means “pleasant, savory taste,” a definition of umami with which Megan Meyer, PhD, the Director of Science Communication at the International Food Information Council Foundation, has to agree. But exactly what does umami taste like, more precisely? Others describe it as a full-bodied, meaty flavor, adds Alicia Rooker, a recipe editor, and tester for Reader’s Digest‘s sister site Taste of Home. This flavor is thanks to the amino acid L-glutamate, according to Mareya Ibrahim, a chef and author of the cookbook EAT LIKE YOU GIVE A FORK: The Real Dish on Eating to Thrive. The amino acid glutamate is rich in both animal and plant proteins, adds Meyer. “In addition, many foods also contain small amounts of ‘free’ glutamate, usually in the form of sodium glutamate; monosodium glutamate or MSG,” she says. “This free glutamate also gives an umami taste to such foods.” It’s also why MSG is such a popular food additive, especially in Asian cuisine, Ibrahim notes. Enjoy the taste of umami with the following foods that bring the flavor to any dish or cuisine with the help of glutamate and free glutamate. While we’re discovering umami, here are other words that don’t have an English translation.
Meat
Meat, and matured beef like beef jerky, have high levels of glutamate. There are 10 mg of free glutamate per three and a half ounces of beef, according to the Glutamate Association. Ibrahim says this is why burgers are the ultimate umami dish, especially since you can pair it with other umami foods on this list. Pork and chicken have decent amounts of glutamate and umami flavor, too. This is how long meat should be stored in the fridge.
Tomatoes
This fruit is an awesome plant-source of glutamate and, thus, umami flavor with 246 mg of free glutamate per three and a half ounces of tomato, according to the Glutamate Association. As they ripen, the glutamate levels rise, too, research shows. Tomatoes are also why ketchup is great on a burger, Ibrahim says. If you don’t think tomatoes are fruit, check out the reason behind the tomato debate.
Seaweeds
Seaweeds are another one of the umami foods high in glutamate. Depending on the type of seaweed, glutamate levels are anywhere between 1,200 to 3,000 mg per three ounces of seaweed. Traditional Japanese broths and sauces often include seaweeds thanks to their umami flavoring. In fact, the umami, savory, and salty tastes of seaweed have some people comparing fried seaweed to bacon, Fast Company reports.
Seafood
Oysters, shrimp, scallops, mackerel, tuna, and sardines are just some fish with natural umami flavor. Seafood naturally contains glutamate in addition to inosinate, an umami flavor compound that occurs naturally and as a food additive. Together, glutamate and inosinate boost and bring out umami flavor, research shows. Rooker says umami compounds are not super tasty by themselves—they need other ingredients and compounds to increase palatability.
Green tea
Green tea has 32 mg of free glutamate per three and a half ounces of the beverage. The tea is also high in the amino acid theanine, which research shows is similar to glutamate and also contributes to the bottom line umami flavor. A strong umami flavor is a tasty benefit of green tea like this kind. Don’t miss all these ways you can cook with tea.
Tree nuts
Walnuts and almonds are an excellent way to add umami flavor to vegan meals. Try toasting the nuts and seeds for the best flavor. Walnuts specifically have 658 mg of free glutamate per three and a half ounces. If walnuts could talk, here’s what they would tell you.
Cheese
The older and stronger the cheese, the better the umami taste. As cheese ages, it goes through proteolysis or breaking down into amino acids and raising the levels of free glutamic acid. As Rooker explains it, umami increases in foods that undergo fermentation and ripening. Italian parmesan is one of the especially tasty umami foods because it takes 24 to 36 months for the flavor to develop fully. Here’s what your favorite cheese says about your personality.
Mushrooms
Mushrooms can substitute for meat because they appeal to our taste for protein thanks to levels of umami-related compounds. The glutamate content of mushrooms also makes it a bonus for meat-eaters as a topping for things like burgers or sandwiches. There’s 180 mg of free glutamate per three and a half ounces of mushrooms. This is the real difference between white, cremini, and portobello mushrooms.
Asparagus
This green veggie is another way to enjoy umami. The Umami Information Center recommends pairing asparagus with fried beef, miso sauce, and rice. Your friends will love these holiday food gifts.
Soy
Soy-based foods have lots of umami flavor. Soy sauce has 1264 mg of glutamate per three and a half ounces. Like most other foods on this list, soybeans have a higher glutamate content after fermentation too, research shows. Miso and soybeans are also good umami foods.
Milk
Cow and human milk both have free glutamate. Breast milk has 22 mg of free glutamate per three and a half ounces, and cow milk has two. If milk could talk, here’s what it would tell you.
Bone broth, stocks, and broths
Bone broth or dashi broth with sea vegetables are wonderful, healthy ways to incorporate umami-ness into your palate, according to Ibrahim. Broths, like this one, are awesome bases for soups, stews, and sauces, or taste fantastic on their own. “Adding fish sauce to your broths and curries is a great way to get umami concentrated,” she says. This is the real difference between stock and bone broth.
Potatoes
Potatoes make another umami-flavored addition to soups, stocks, and broths. The glutamate in potatoes releases into the soup, making the broth umami-rich, according to the Umami Information Council. Potatoes are included in this list of extraordinary uses for everyday foods.
Carrots
Carrots pair well with other umami foods such as meats, potatoes, broth, and asparagus. Now that you know all about foods with natural umami, check out these brilliant kitchen shortcuts to cook all that yummy food.
